Translation Strategies of English Idiomatic Expression in The Shawshank Redemption Movie Subtitle

Article History Received : April 29, 2022 Revised : May 26, 2022 Accepted : June 02, 2022 Abstract: The Shawshank Redemption movie is a meaningful movie which needs to knows more about. The objective of this research is to examine the translation strategy of idiomatic expressions used by the translator in The Shawshank Redemption movie subtitle. The data is obtained by watching closely The Shawshank Redemption movie repeatedly, note-taking, compare the idiomatic expression used by the characters and its translation strategies in the subtitle from the movie. The data that has been collected is translates using Baker’s Theory but descriptively outlined. The result of this research showed that there are 19 utterances of idiomatic expressions found in The Shawshank Redemption movie based on Seidl and McMordie’s (1988). All of 19 idiomatic expressions are classified based on Baker’s (1992) translation strategies into 4 idioms of similar meaning and form, none of idioms of similar meaning but dissimilar form, 10 translations by omission, and 5 translations by omission.


INTRODUCTION
Translation is the process of transmitting meaning from one language to another (Newmark, 1984). According to Munday (2001), a translation should be literal (word-for-word), which means it should be as similar to the original as possible, free (sense-for-sense) and creative. Larson (1984) identifies two types of translation: literal and idiomatic. A literal translation is a form-based translation that attempts to preserve the original language's form. Meanwhile, idiomatic translation is a meaningbased translation that attempts to understand the meaning of the source-language material in the target language's forms. Kovacs (2016) stated that process of translation does not only involve the delivery process of oral conversation but also includes conveying the meaning of the idiomatic expression. Several idiomatic expressions in the source language (SL) are confusing if understood literally by the target language (TL) and not by recognizing its meaning and its usage. Kovacs (2016) states that even competent translators who are very expert to the target language and its grammatical structure still does not have the ability like a native speaker of target language in deciding whether the translation object is considered as an idiomatic expression or not based on the context of the text.
Idioms are expressions of words or phrases with a metaphorical meaning that may be understood in terms of the common usage of the expression that is separate from the literal meaning. Idiomatic expression is a part of the language that incorporates words and phrases that cannot be translated literally (Peaty, 1983). She also says that certain idiomatic phrases are more generic than others, maybe easily translated, and have a clear idiomatic meaning. According to Hornby (1995), an idiom is a phrase or expression whose meaning is not explicit from the meaning of its individual words and must be learned as a whole unit. According to Seidl and McMordie (1988), an idiom is a grouping of words with meanings that differ from the individual meanings of the words.
The researcher aims to examine the type of idiomatic expression and its translation strategies that used by the characters of The Shawshank Redemption movie. The Shawshank Redemption is an American drama film about Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who, despite his claims of innocence, is condemned to live in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murder of his wife and her boyfriend.
In order tobe able catching truely messages by funs and order, its need a strategy of translation which help filmmaker's aims ISSN (Print): 2502-7069;ISSN (Online): 2620-8326 ambiguous. Baker's theory instead be closely a starategy of translation in this study.
Furthermore, this research is conducted for translation strategy of the idiomatic expressions from any movie subtitle. This research can be used as a resource for other researchers who want to perform research on idiomatic expression and its translation strategies.

METHODS
This research used descriptive qualitative method to translate 19 idioms found in The Shawshank Redemption movie. The subject of this research focuses on types of idioms found in The Shawshank Redemption movie. The Object of the study is Indonesian subtitle of English idioms in The Shawshank Redemption movie. Then, the object of the study focuses on idioms which are represented as subtitle of the utterance from the character. Those idioms are classified what types of idioms and the translation strategies used by the translator. After the data were collected, then they were classified.
Firstly, coding the data based on their types of idiom. Secondly, it is data reducing; the data c a m e from watching the movie and transcribing. The result shows the data about the types of idiomatic expression and its translation strategies in the movie subtitle. In this step, the irrelevant data is reduced, and the needed data is included. The next step was data display. After reducing the data by selecting the utterances that related with idiomatic expressions to be analyzed, the next step is displaying the data. In this step, the selected data will be identified and classify as idiomatic expression based on Seidl and McMordie's (1988) theory of idiomatic expression and examine the translation strategies are used in the translation of idiomatic expressions in the subtitle of The Shawshank Redemption movie according to theories taken from Baker (1992). Last step is drawing conclusion, the results related to the types of idiomatic expressions and the translation strategies used in the translation of idiomatic expressions in the subtitle of The Shawshank Redemption movie obtained through the data analysis will be used for drawing conclusion.

The types of idiomatic expression found in The Shawshank Redemption movie
As result, the writer only found 19 data classified as idiomatic expression. The following table described types of idiomatic expression based on Seidl & McMordie's (1988). According to Table 1. Above there are six types of idiomatic expression which occur in the movie namely idioms with adjectives and nouns, idiomatic pairs, idioms with preposition, phrasal verb idiom, verbal idiom, and idioms based on special categories.
Based on collected data, the researcher presented detailed data, as following: From the table above, the data is considered as an idiomatic expression with the type of Idiom based on Special Categories: Animal Idiom based on Seidl and McMordie theory (1988) because the idiom shown above bear as its main subject rather just complimentary.

The translations strategies of idiomatic expression found in
The Shawshank Redemption movie subtitle. According to table 2. Above this study applied Baker;s (1992) theory of translation strategies, Mona Baker describes the following ways of interpreting idioms in her book In Other Words (1992):

a. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form
Baker (1992) defines using an idiom of similar meaning and form as a strategy that involves an idiom in the target language that expresses about the same meaning as the source language and also contains equivalent lexical items. There are 3 data using an idiom of similar meaning and form translation strategies, which are;

Source language Target language
If I were you, I'd grow The data above is classified as an idiom with the similar meaning and form, because the translation is accurate and natural.

b. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form
According to Baker (1992), using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form is a strategy that uses an idiom in the target language that has a similar meaning to the source language (idiom) which consists of distinct lexical items. A translator will use an idiom in the target language that has the same meaning as the source language idiom, even if the form is different. There are no data used using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form translation strategies.

c. Translation by paraphrase
Translation by paraphrase is a strategy used when the translator cannot identify an idiomatic form in the target language. According to Baker (1992), those strategies are used when there is no meaning in the target language or when the use of the idiomatic expression in the target text is unsuitable due to stylistic differences between the source and target languages, however, this is not always the case. There are 11 data that are using translation by paraphrase translation strategies, which are; The data above are categorized as an idiom translation by paraphrase since none of the data has a proper idiom in the target language, just a phrase or sentences with the same meaning as the idiom.

d. Translation by omission
According to Baker (1992), idiom may be omitted entirely in the target language. This might be because it has no close equivalent in the target language and its meaning is difficult to paraphrase. So, when there is no close equivalent in the target language and it cannot be simply paraphrased, this method is applied. Finally, the translator may choose to leave out the idiom in the translation. There are 5 data that using translation by omission translation strategies, which are;

Source language Target language
That tall drink of water with silver spoon up his ass Because none of the data has a proper idiom or anything that has the same meaning and form as the target language, the data above is classified as an idiom translation by omission.

CONCLUSION
The result of this study is indicate that not all idioms concluded that not all idioms from SL (Source Language) has the same meaning and lexical items with TL (Target Language). The researcher only found three of the four idiomatic translation strategies used to translate the idiom: translation by similar meaning and form, translation by paraphrase, and translation by omission. The most common idiomatic translation strategy used in the movie is the translation by paraphrase. Because they are the most common strategy to translate idioms, using such strategies is quite helpful for translators. The researcher suggest that to translating idiom from SL (Source Language) to TL (Target Language) is used the most common strategies due to the differentiates of lexical items of each language.